When an oil field reaches the end of its normal life, up to two-thirds of its oil can be left in the ground because it is too difficult or too expensive to produce. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) involves injecting steam, gas or chemicals to bring more oil to the surface. Boosting production in this way could unlock around 300 billion barrels of oil, according to the International Energy Agency.
Antelope at Shell drilling site in Pinedale, USA
Some natural gas is trapped tightly in rock pores, as little as 100 times less the width of a human hair. Until recently these resources were considered too difficult or too costly to extract. We are using advanced technology to help unlock the gas and boost energy security.
Many large natural gas fields are far from customers in need of energy. The gas must be safely transported in a cost-effective way to markets. We cool natural gas to -162°C (-260°F) to turn it into a clear, colourless, non-toxic liquid 600 times smaller in volume. We then ship it to regasification plants where it is returned to a gaseous state and piped to customers.